新加坡稅務局(IRAS)發布《關聯方貸款轉讓定價指引》（中英文對照）

來源：環球稅務時報

編譯整理：思邁特財稅國際稅收服務團隊

The Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore (IRAS) has released transfer pricing guidance for related-party loans.For related-party loans not exceeding S$15m, taxpayerscan approximate an arm's length interest rate for the loan using the IRAS'published indicative margins. IRAS publishes the indicative margin at the beginning of each calendar year. The indicative margin is an alternative to performing a detailed transfer pricing analysis to determine arm's length interest rates and is not mandatory. Taxpayers choosing not to apply the indicative margin must apply an interest rate in line with the arm's length principle and prepare contemporaneous transfer pricing documentation if required.

近日，新加坡稅務局(IRAS)發布了《關聯方貸款轉讓定價指引》。對于不超過1500萬新幣的關聯方貸款，納稅人可以使用IRAS公布的指導利率來估算貸款的獨立交易利率。IRAS在每個公歷年年初公布指導利率。指導利率是執行轉讓定價詳細分析以確定獨立交易利率的替代選擇，并不是強制性的。納稅人選擇不適用指導利率，必須適用符合獨立交易原則的利率，并準備必要的轉讓定價同期資料。

Newly, for 2022 on wards, IRAS is issuing indicative margins only for base reference rates that are RFRs, such as the Singapore Over night Rate Average ("SORA"), the Secured Over night Financing Rate ("SOFR"), or the Sterling Over night Index Average("SONIA").

最新消息，從2022年起，IRAS只對RFRs的基準利率，如新加坡隔夜平均利率(“SORA”)、有擔保隔夜融資利率(“SOFR”)或英鎊隔夜平均指數(“SONIA”)發布指導利率。

Related party loans

關聯方貸款

A related party loan arises when a taxpayer lends money to or borrows money from a related party. It can be:

關聯方貸款是納稅人向關聯方貸款或從關聯方借款。它可以是：

Arm’s length principle for related party loans

獨立交易原則在關聯方貸款中的適用

The arm’s length interest rate is the interest rate which would have been charged between independent parties under similar circumstance sat the time the indebtedness arose.The application of the arm’slength principle to related party loans is as follows:

“獨立交易利率”是指獨立當事方在發生類似債務的情況下，從中所收取的利率。“獨立交易原則”在關聯方貸款中的適用情況如下：

In the case of a related party domestic loan provided by a taxpayer which is not in the business of borrowing and lending,IRAS will generally apply interest restriction in place of the arm’s length methodology. This is done by limiting the taxpayer’s claim for any interest expense to theinterest charged on such loan.

若國內關聯方貸款是由不從事借貸業務的納稅人提供的，IRAS一般會采用利息限制作為獨立交易原則的替代方法，這種方法通過限制納稅人對貸款收取的利息費用的扣除實現。

Example:

舉例：

● Taxpayer A provided aloan to Taxpayer B S$100,000；

納稅人A向納稅人B提供10萬新幣貸款；

● Interest charged byTaxpayer A in 2021 S$100；

納稅人A在2021年收取100新幣利息；

●Interest expense incurred by Taxpayer A in providing the loan in 2021 S$1,000；

納稅人A在2021年提供貸款的過程中產生的利息費用為1000新幣；

● Taxpayer A’s interest expense claim of S$1,000 is limited to S$100.

納稅人A對1,000新幣的利息費用的扣除限額為100新幣。

While the interest restriction does not exactly conform to the arm’s length principle, it nonetheless serves as a close proxy to the arm’s length principle. This is tofacilitate taxpayers’ efforts in complying with the arm’s length principle for related party domestic loans while keeping compliance cost low.

雖然利息限制不完全符合獨立交易原則，但仍是一個獨立交易原則的近似替代方法。這是為了使納稅人能夠以低成本在國內關聯方貸款中遵守獨立交易原則。

In all other cases, taxpayers should adhere to the arm’s length methodology to determine the interest charges. In the event thattaxpayers fail to do so:

在其他情況下，納稅人應遵循獨立交易原則的方法來確定利息費用。若非如此：

(a) IRAS will disregard any interest expense inexcess of the arm’s length amount determined by IRASfor tax deduction purpose. This is notwithstanding that tax may have been withheld on the full interest payment to the foreign related party.

(b) IRAS may not support the taxpayers in MAP discussions to resolve any double taxation arising from any transfer pricing adjustments made by IRAS orforeign tax authorities in relation to the interest charges.

（a） IRAS將拒絕給予任何超過其所厘定的符合獨立交易原則數額的可扣除利息費用，盡管支付給外國關聯方的全部利息在支付時可能已繳納預提稅。

(b) IRAS may not support the taxpayers in MAPdiscussions to resolve any double taxation arising from any transfer pricingadjustments made by IRAS or foreign tax authorities in relation to the interestcharges.

（b） IRAS可能不會支持納稅人在相互協商程序中解決因IRAS或外國稅務機關就利息費用作出轉讓定價調整而引起的雙重課稅問題。

IRAS does not regard interest-free related party loans as arm’s length transactions, unless taxpayers have reliable evidence that independent parties under comparable circumstances would similarly provideloans without charging any interest.

IRAS不把關聯方無息貸款視為獨立交易，除非納稅人有可靠證據證明，在類似情況下，獨立關聯方會以類似方式提供貸款而不收取任何利息。

Indicative margins on related party loans

指導利率在關聯方貸款中的應用

The indicative margin is not mandatory. Taxpayersmay adopt a margin that is different from the indicative margin provided thatthis is consistent with the guidance to determine the arm’s length interestrates.

指導利率不是強制性的。納稅人可采用不同于指導利率的利率，但其須與確定獨立交易利率的指引相一致。

Taxpayers can choose to apply the indicative marginto each related party loan that does not exceed S$15 million at the time theloan is obtained or provided. The threshold is based on the loan committed andnot the loan utilised. For example, taxpayer obtained a loan facility of S$20million from a related party. Taxpayer cannot apply the indicative margin not with standing that the amount utilised or intended to be utilised is less than S$15 million.

納稅人可以選擇在獲得或提供貸款時，對每筆不超過1500萬新幣的關聯方貸款適用指導利率。這個門檻是基于承諾的貸款而不是使用的貸款。例如，納稅人從關聯方獲得2000萬新幣的貸款，即使已動用或擬動用的金額低于1500萬新幣，納稅人也不能適用指導利率。

The indicative margin is applicable to both Singapore-dollar denominated and foreign currency denominated related partyloans. For related party loans denominated in foreign currencies, the threshold(in Singapore dollars) is to be determined based on the prevailing exchange rate at the time the loans are obtained or provided.

指導利率適用于新幣及外幣計價的關聯方貸款。對于以外幣計價的關聯方貸款，將根據獲得或提供貸款時的現行匯率確定新幣門檻。

Example:

舉例：

● Taxpayer provided a loan (i.e. Loan A) to arelated party；

納稅人向關聯方提供貸款(如貸款A)；

● Loan committed under Loan A is US$14 million；

A項下承諾的貸款為1400萬美元；

●Suppose the exchange rate at the time Loan A is provided is US$1: S$1.42；

假設提供貸款A時的匯率為1美元:1.42新幣；

● S$ equivalent of Loan A is S$19.88 million；

相當于貸款A為新幣1988萬；

●Taxpayer cannot apply the indicative margin for Loan A as it exceeds the threshold of S$15 million.

納稅人不能申請A貸款適用指導利率，因為它超過了1500萬新幣的門檻。

Taxpayers would decidethe appropriate base reference rate onwhich to apply the indicative margin.

納稅人可以決定適用指導利率加適當的基準參考利率。

Example:

舉例：

● Taxpayer provided afloating rate loan of S$10 million to its related party on 1 January 2021；

納稅人于2021年1月1日向關聯方提供1000萬新幣的浮動利率貸款；

● Taxpayer used SIBOR as the base reference rate for the related party loan；

納稅人使用SIBOR作為關聯方貸款的基準參考利率；

●  Taxpayer chose to apply the indicative margin；

納稅人選擇適用指導利率；

●Suppose the indicative margin is 2.50%；

假設指導利率為2.50%；

●The interest rate for the related party loan would be 2.50% plus the appropriate SIBOR rate.

關聯方貸款的利率為2.50%加上適當的SIBOR利率。

For fixed rate related party loans, taxpayers can apply an appropriate swap rate as the base reference rate. For fixed rate related party loans denominated in Singapore dollars, besides an appropriate Singapore dollar swap rate, taxpayers can consider applying an appropriate Singapore Government Securities (“SGS”) yield36 as the base reference rate.For floating rate loans, some examples of base reference rates include the SIBOR and LIBOR.

對于固定利率的關聯方貸款，納稅人可適用適當的掉期利率作為基準參考利率。對于以新幣計價的固定利率的關聯方貸款，除適當的新幣掉期利率外，納稅人可考慮適用新加坡政府證券(SGS)利率作為其基準參考利率。對于浮動利率貸款，基準參考利率包括SIBOR和LIBOR。

TP documentation

轉讓定價文檔

If taxpayers choose to apply the indicative margin for their related party loans, they are not required to prepare TP documentation for such loans. Such loans will also be excluded from the loan threshold of S$15 million.

如果納稅人選擇關聯方貸款適用指導利率，則無需為此類貸款準備轉讓定價文檔，該貸款也將被排除在指引所規定的1500萬新幣的貸款門檻之外。

Conclusion

結論

If the lender and borrower of a related party loanare both Singapore taxpayers, IRAS will limit the interest expense claimed bythe lender on the loan. If the related party loan is a cross-border loan, taxpayersshould ensure compliance with the arm's length principle. The indicative marginis an alternative to performing a detailed transfer pricing analysis to determine arm?s length interest rates and is not mandatory.

如關聯方貸款的貸款人和借款人均為新加坡納稅人，IRAS會限制貸款人的利息費用扣除。如果關聯方貸款是跨境貸款，納稅人應確保遵守獨立交易原則。指導利率是執行轉讓定價詳細分析以確定獨立交易利率的替代選擇，并不是強制性的。